Modern World War reflects the complexity of international relations colored by various political, economic and social interests. The roots of these global conflicts often stem from tensions between major powers, conflicting ideologies, and struggles over natural resources. Exploring this theme will lead us to various factors that contribute to global instability. One of the main causes of conflict is geopolitical competition. Countries such as the United States, Russia, and China compete to dominate the world stage. With the rapid development of military technologies, such as nuclear and cyber weapons, this article explains how great powers are using these strategies to strengthen their positions. For example, the 2014 Ukraine crisis not only exposed friction between Russia and the West, but also demonstrated how conflict can quickly escalate due to military intervention. Besides that, ideology also plays an important role. Since the end of the Cold War, there has been an ideological struggle between liberal democracy and authoritarian economics. Opposing countries often face tensions that can trigger conflict. The involvement of international organizations such as the UN in conflict mediation shows an effort to create peace, although it is not always successful. Natural resources are another significant factor in modern conflicts. Regions rich in oil and minerals often become points of conflict. The crisis in the Middle East, for example, is rooted in energy security and the economic interests of large countries. As demand for energy increases, the war for control of resources could become more intense. Globalization also exacerbates economic inequalities that create dissatisfaction. Developing countries often feel marginalized in the global economic system. This injustice can trigger uprisings and civil conflict, as seen in the Arab Spring. Public dissatisfaction with corruption and social inequality often drives revolution. Human security theory is increasingly becoming relevant in studying modern conflicts. Security not only involves protection against military threats, but also economic sustainability, social welfare and the environment. These problems are interrelated and if not handled well, can trigger greater conflict. Social media and disinformation are new factors in modern warfare. With its ability to spread information quickly, propaganda can fuel tensions between groups at local and global levels. For example, misinformation campaigns during elections in various countries have shown how social polarization can be exploited for political gain. Therefore, the analysis of Modern World War includes various interconnected dimensions. A thorough understanding of the roots of this conflict is essential to finding a sustainable solution. Going forward, the world needs to adapt to these developments to promote peace and stability in various parts of the world.